Tekinologiya wa LED akyusizza eby’okutaasa, okugaba ekitangaala ekikekkereza amaanyi, ekiwangaala era eky’omutindo ogwa waggulu okukozesebwa mu maka, eby’obusuubuzi, n’amakolero. Ku mutima gwa buli nkola ya LED ey’okutaasa amasannyalaze ga LED, ekikakasa nti LEDs zikola ku mutindo ogusinga obulungi n’okugaziya obulamu bwazo. Ekiwandiiko kino kigenda mu maaso n’okubunyisa ebitundu ebikulu n’emirimu gy’amasannyalaze ga LED Driver, nga kiwa amagezi ag’omugaso mu kulonda ddereeva omutuufu n’okulabirira enkola yo ey’okutaasa LED.
Amasannyalaze ga ddereeva wa LED kye ki?
Ekirungo kya LED driver power supply kitundu kikulu nnyo ekitereeza voltage ne current ewereddwa amataala ga LED. Okwawukana ku bbaatule ez’ekinnansi eza incandescent, LEDs zeetaaga okulungamya amaanyi amatuufu okukola obulungi n’okwewala okwonooneka okuva ku vvulovumenti ne current enkyukakyuka. Ddereeva wa LED akola nga 'Heart' y'ettaala ya LED, okukakasa amasannyalaze aganywevu era agakwatagana.
Enjawulo wakati wa baddereeva ba LED ne transformers ez’ennono .
Transformers ez’ennono zikolebwa okulinnya oba okukka wansi voltage levels, naye teziwa reference regulation entuufu LEDs zetalina. Ku luuyi olulala, ba ddereeva ba LED bakolebwa mu ngeri ey’enjawulo okutuusa akasannyalazo oba vvulovumenti etakyukakyuka, okusinziira ku byetaago bya LED. Obutuufu buno bukulu nnyo mu kukuuma okumasamasa n’okuwangaala kwa LEDs.
Emitendera emikulu egy’emirimu gya ddereeva wa LED .
Omutendera gw'okuyingiza .
Omutendera gw’okuyingiza ddereeva wa LED gufuna amasannyalaze ga AC okuva mu masannyalaze, mu bujjuvu okuva ku 120V okutuuka ku 277V. Fuses ne EMI filters bitundu bikulu ku mutendera guno, okukuuma ddereeva okuva ku voltage spikes n’okutebenkeza amaanyi agayingira.
Rectifier ne Filter .
Rectifier ekyusa voltage ya AC input okudda mu DC voltage nga ekozesa diodes. Olwo capacitors zikozesebwa okugonza voltage ya DC ekuba, okukakasa amasannyalaze aganywevu ku mitendera egiddako.
Okutereeza ensonga y’amaanyi (PFC) .
Power Factor Correction (PFC) mutendera gwa maanyi nnyo mu bavuzi ba LED ab’omulembe. PFC erongoosa obulungi bw’enkola y’amasannyalaze ng’ekakasa nti amasannyalaze agaggibwa mu masannyalaze gakozesebwa bulungi. Kino kikendeeza ku kufiirwa amaanyi n’okutumbula enkola y’enkola okutwalira awamu.
Ekikyusakyusa ekikyusa .
Omutendera gwa switching converter gulimu transistors eza frequency enkulu (nga MOSFETs oba IGBTs) ezikola AC signal eya frequency enkulu. Olwo siginiini eno ekyusibwa nga ekozesa transformers, inductors, ne capacitors okulungamya output voltage ne current.
Circuit efugira .
Circuit efugira yeesigamye ku PWM (pulse width modulation) controllers okutereeza output voltage oba current. Nga ekyusa duty cycle, ekuuma ebifulumizibwa nga binywevu. Ebizimbiddwa mu feedback loops zirondoola enkola era ne zisasula mu ngeri ey’otoma olw’enkyukakyuka zonna mu vvulovumenti eyingizibwa oba enkyukakyuka mu mutwalo.
Omutendera gw'okufuluma .
Omutendera gw’okufulumya gukakasa nti LED zifuna akasannyalazo akakwatagana. Output capacitors smooth out voltage yonna esigaddewo oba current enkyukakyuka, nga ziwa amasannyalaze agatebenkedde ku LEDs.
Circuits ezikuuma .
Circuits ezikuuma zeetaagisa nnyo okuziyiza okwonooneka kwa LEDs. Enkola z’okukuuma amasannyalaze agasukkiridde, ezisukkiridde, n’okukuuma ebbugumu zikakasa nti LED zikolera mu kkomo eritali lya bulabe, nga zigaziya obulamu bwazo.
Okufuga okuzimba (Optional) .
Dimming control kye kintu eky’okwesalirawo mu bavuzi ba LED abamu, ekisobozesa emitendera gy’okumasamasa egy’okutereeza. Dimming esobola okutuukibwako okuyita mu analog dimming, PWM dimming, oba digital interfaces nga DALI. Ekintu kino kyongera ku bumanyirivu bw’abakozesa era kiyamba mu kukekkereza amaanyi nga kikendeeza ku maanyi agakozesebwa ng’okumasamasa okujjuvu tekyetaagisa.
Ebitundu by’amasannyalaze ga ddereeva wa LED .
Olubaawo lw’enkulungo olukubiddwa (PCB) .
PCB ekola ng’omusingi gw’ebitundu byonna eby’amasannyalaze, ng’ewa enkolagana y’amasannyalaze n’okuziyiza omusana. PCB ez’omutindo ogwa waggulu zikolebwa mu bintu ebiwangaala era nga zirina soldering entuufu okukakasa nti zeesigika era nga ziwangaala.
Ebitundu by’ekyuma ekissa ku ngulu (SMD) .
Ebitundu bya SMD byetaagisa nnyo eri baddereeva ba LED ab’omulembe olw’obunene bwazo obutono n’omutindo ogwa waggulu. Ebitundu bino mulimu:
SMD Resistors: ziwa emiwendo egy’okuziyiza okutuufu, okuyamba okufuga okutambula kwa kasasiro.
SMD capacitors: Ceramic monolithic capacitors zikozesebwa okugonza voltage.
SMD Diodes: Kakasa nti current flow ya unidirectional, okukuuma circuit okuva ku reverse voltage.
Integrated circuits (ICS): control voltage ne current, nga ziwa emirimu egy’obukuumi egy’omugaso.
Ebitundu by’okuyingiza mu ngalo .
Ebitundu by’okuyingiza mu ngalo biba binene era bitera okwetaaga okukuŋŋaanyizibwa mu ngalo. Mu bino mulimu:
Sswitch Transformer: Agenda wansi ku vvulovumenti n’okuwa isolation wakati w’okuyingiza n’okufulumya.
Varistor: Ekuuma okuva ku spikes ezisukkiridde.
Electrolytic capacitor: Etereka amaanyi era n’erongoosa vvulovumenti efuluma.
Inductor: Etereka amaanyi n’okusengejja akasannyalazo akafuluma.
CBB Capacitor: Eziyiza okutaataaganyizibwa kw’amasannyalaze (EMI).
Fuse: Awa obukuumi obusukkiridde.
FET: Etereeza okutambula kwa kasasiro okusinziira ku kufuga vvulovumenti.
Terminal: ekola nga interface y'okuyunga amasannyalaze.
Engeri y'okulondamu ddereeva wa LED omutuufu .
Okulonda ddereeva wa LED ku ddyo ddaala ddene nnyo mu kulaba ng’enkola yo ey’okutaasa LED ey’amataala ga LED n’okuwangaala. Enkola eno erimu ebikulu ebiwerako ebirina okulowoozebwako ebiyinza okukwata ennyo ku bulungibwansi n’obwesigwa bw’enteekateeka yo. Wano waliwo ekitabo ekikwata ku nsonga eno ekikuyamba okusalawo mu ngeri ey’amagezi.
Salawo amaanyi gonna aga LED ne voltage .
Omutendera ogusooka mu kulonda ddereeva wa LED kwe kubala obulungi amasannyalaze gonna awamu n’amasannyalaze aga vvulovumenti mu nkola yo eya LED. Kino kizingiramu okutegeera ebikwata ku LED zo, omuli voltage yazo ey’omu maaso (VF) ne forward current (if). Bw’okubisaamu vvulovumenti ey’omu maaso n’akasannyalazo akagenda mu maaso, osobola okuzuula amaanyi agakozesebwa buli LED. Okugeza, singa LED eba n’omuteebi vvulovumenti ya 3.5V ne current ya 0.35A mu maaso, amaanyi gaayo agakozesebwa ga 1.225W (3.5V x 0.35A).
Bw’oba okolagana ne LED eziwera naddala mu nsengeka oba mu bitundutundu, olina okufunza ebyetaago by’amaanyi ga LED zonna okufuna amasannyalaze gonna awamu. Amasannyalaze gano gonna awamu gajja kukuyamba okulonda ddereeva asobola okugabira amasannyalaze ageetaagisa nga tegayitirira. Okutikka ddereeva ekisukkiridde kiyinza okuvaako okukendeeza ku kukola, okubuguma ennyo, n’okulemererwa nga bukyali. N’olwekyo, kyetaagisa okulonda ddereeva alina ekipimo ky’amaanyi ekikwatagana oba ekisukka ebyetaago by’amaanyi byonna eby’enkola yo eya LED.
Londa wakati wa current etakyukakyuka vs constant voltage drivers .
Ekika kya ddereeva wa LED kye weetaaga kisinziira ku byetaago ebitongole eby’enkola yo eya LED. Waliwo ebika bibiri ebikulu ebya ddereeva wa LED: akasannyalazo akatali kakyukakyuka ne vvulovumenti etakyukakyuka.
Ddereeva za kasasiro ezitakyukakyuka: Ddereeva zino zikoleddwa okusobola okuwa akasannyalazo akanywevu era akakwatagana ku LEDs, awatali kufaayo ku nkyukakyuka mu mutwalo oba vvulovumenti. Zino nnungi nnyo ku LED ez’amaanyi amangi n’ensengekera nga okukuuma akasannyalazo akatali kakyukakyuka kikulu nnyo okusobola okukola obulungi. Mu nkola nga amataala g’amakolero, nga LED eziwera ziyungibwa mu series oba parallel, current drivers ezitakyukakyuka zikakasa nti buli LED efuna omuwendo gwe gumu ogwa current, ekivaamu okumasamasa okwa kimu n’okukola obulungi. Nga balungamya current, baddereeva bano era bayamba okuziyiza ebbugumu runaway, nga eno nsonga ya bulijjo mu setups za LED ez’amaanyi amangi.
Ddereeva za vvulovumenti ezitakyukakyuka: Ddereeva zino zikuuma vvulovumenti efuluma buli kiseera ate nga zisobozesa akasannyalazo okwawukana okusinziira ku mutwalo. Zisinga kukwatagana n’emiguwa gya LED oba LEDs za vvulovumenti ezitakyukakyuka, nga vvulovumenti eyetaagisa esigala nga tekyukakyuka. Okugeza, ebipande bya LED eby’okwewunda, bitera okwetaaga vvulovumenti ezitakyukakyuka okukakasa okumasamasa okutambula obulungi okuyita mu buwanvu bwonna obw’omuguwa. Ddereeva wa vvulovumenti ezitakyukakyuka nazo zitera okukozesebwa mu nkola za LED eza langi emu, ng’essira liteekeddwa ku kukuuma vvulovumenti enywevu okusinga okulungamya akasannyalazo.
Okutegeera ebyetaago ebitongole eby’enkola yo eya LED kijja kukuyamba okulonda ekika kya ddereeva ekituufu. Bulijjo laba ebiragiro by’omukozi okuzuula oba LEDs zo zeetaaga current etakyukakyuka oba voltage ekyukakyuka.
Lowooza ku nsonga z’obutonde bw’ensi .
Embeera z’obutonde zikola kinene mu kukola n’obulamu bw’omuvuzi wa LED. Ensonga nga ebbugumu, obunnyogovu n’enfuufu bisobola okukosa obulungi bwa ddereeva n’obwesigwa. N’olwekyo, kyetaagisa okulonda ddereeva asaanira embeera entongole mw’anaakozesebwa.
Ebbugumu: Ebbugumu erya waggulu liyinza okukendeeza ku bulungibwansi n’obulamu bwa baddereeva ba LED. Ddereeva abalina enkola ezimbiddwamu okunyogoza, gamba nga ebbugumu oba ebiwujjo, byetaagisa nnyo mu kuteekebwa mu mbeera ez’ebbugumu eringi. Okugatta ku ekyo, kakasa nti ddereeva ateekebwa mu kifo ekirimu empewo emala okuziyiza okubuguma ennyo.
Obunnyogovu: Obunnyogovu buyinza okuvaako okukulukuta n’ensonga endala eziyinza okukosa omutindo gwa ddereeva. Ku biteekebwawo mu mbeera ennyogovu oba ennyogovu, londa ddereeva alina IP rating entuufu. Ebipimo bya IP biraga omutindo gw’obukuumi obuweebwa ekiyumba kya ddereeva ku nfuufu, obunnyogovu, n’ebintu ebirala ebikwata ku butonde bw’ensi. Okugeza, ddereeva apimiddwa IP65 akuumibwa obutayingira nfuufu n’amazzi agatali ga puleesa ntono, ekigifuula esaanira okukozesebwa ebweru.
Enfuufu: Enfuufu esobola okukuŋŋaanyizibwa ku bitundu bya ddereeva, ekivaako okukendeeza ku mutindo n’okwonooneka. Baddereeva abalina IP ratings ezisingako bawa obukuumi obulungi okuva ku nfuufu okuyingira, okukakasa okukola okwesigika mu mbeera ezirimu enfuufu.
Ebibuuzo ebitera okubuuzibwa .
LEDs zisobola okukola butereevu ku AC power?
LED ezisinga zikoleddwa okukola ku maanyi ga DC era nga zeetaaga ddereeva okukyusa amasannyalaze ga AC okufuuka DC. Okulongoosa AC obutereevu kuyinza okuleeta okuwuuma n’okukendeeza ku mutindo.
Ddereeva asobola okuwagira LED mmeka?
Omuwendo gwa LED ddereeva gw’asobola okuwagira gusinziira ku maanyi ga ddereeva n’amaanyi ageetaagisa mu LED. Bulijjo kakasa nti obusobozi bwa ddereeva bukwatagana n’amaanyi gonna aga LED.
IC ya ddereeva wa LED n’omulimu gwayo kye ki?
LED driver IC ye integrated circuit efugira voltage ne current ewereddwa LEDs. Ewa emirimu egy’obukuumi egy’omugaso era ekakasa nti ekola bulungi.
Mu bufunzi
LED driver power supplies zeetaagisa nnyo okukuuma omutindo, obulungi, n’okuwangaala . Enkola z'amataala ga LED . Okutegeera ebitundu n’emirimu gya baddereeva ba LED kiyamba mu kulonda ddereeva omutuufu olw’ebyetaago byo ebitongole. Bw’olonda baddereeva ab’omutindo ogwa waggulu n’okugoberera enkola entuufu ey’okussaako n’okuddaabiriza, osobola okukakasa nti waliwo ebyuma ebitangaaza ebiwangaala, ebiwangaala. Ku byesigika era eby’omulembe LED driver solutions, lowooza ku bintu okuva mu manufacturers nga Zhuhai Shengchang Electronics Co., Ltd .., ebiwa eby’okulonda eby’enjawulo ebituukagana n’enkola ez’enjawulo.
