Sisitemu yo kumurika LED irenze urumuri ubona. Nicyegeranyo cyateguwe neza cyibice bikora mubwumvikane kugirango bitange neza, byizewe, kandi byujuje ubuziranenge. Gusobanukirwa ibyo bice nuburyo bikorana ningirakamaro kubantu bose bagaragaza, kugura, cyangwa gucunga amatara kumishinga yubucuruzi, inganda, cyangwa ubwubatsi. Iyo buri kintu cyatoranijwe neza, sisitemu ikora neza, imara igihe kirekire, kandi itanga imbaraga zo kuzigama.
Aka gatabo kamena ibice byingenzi bigize sisitemu yo kumurika LED igezweho. Uhereye kuri chip ntoya itanga urumuri kubigenzurwa bihanitse biyobora, uzasobanukirwa neza niki gitera ikoranabuhanga rikomeye. Tuzareba impamvu umushoferi wa LED yabaye intumbero ikomeye, uburyo imicungire yumuriro irinda ishoramari ryawe, niki gitera fixture ikomeye kandi yizewe. Mugihe cyanyuma, uzaba ufite ubumenyi bwo gusuzuma sisitemu ya LED no gufata ibyemezo byuzuye byemeza imikorere nagaciro kigihe kirekire.
Gusobanukirwa LED Itara
Muri rusange, urumuri rwa LED ni ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bigezweho bigamije guhindura ingufu z'amashanyarazi mu mucyo ugenzurwa, wo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Bitandukanye n'amatara gakondo yaka cyangwa fluorescent akoresha firimu zishyushye cyangwa imyuka itanga ingufu, sisitemu ya LED yishingikiriza kumashanyarazi akomeye (SSL).
Iyi nzira itangira iyo ingufu z'amashanyarazi zitanzwe muri sisitemu. Imbaraga zirahindurwa kandi zigengwa mbere yo kugera kumutima wa sisitemu: Diode Yumucyo (LED). Iyo imbaraga, izi semiconductor zirekura fotone, zikora urumuri rugaragara. Urumuri rubisi noneho rugizwe, rukayoborwa, kandi rugakwirakwizwa nibikoresho bya optique kugirango habeho urumuri rwifuzwa. Icyarimwe, sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe ikora kugirango ikure ubushyuhe kure ya elegitoroniki yoroheje, kandi inzu irinda ibintu byose ibidukikije. Uku guhuza gukomeye nibyo biha LED kumurika ibyiza byayo hejuru yikoranabuhanga gakondo, harimo ingufu zidasanzwe, imbaraga zigihe kirekire cyane, hamwe nubushobozi buhanitse bwo kugenzura.
Ibice byingenzi bigize urumuri rwa LED
Sisitemu yuzuye ya LED, cyangwa luminaire, ni ecosystem yibice byuzuzanya. Ubwiza no guhuza buri kintu kigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye imikorere ya sisitemu muri rusange, imikorere, no kuramba.
1. LED Itanga isoko (LED Chips / Modules)
LED ubwayo nigice cyibanze cya sisitemu iyo ariyo yose. Ni diode ya semiconductor itanga urumuri iyo amashanyarazi anyuze muri yo. Iyi diode kugiti cye isanzwe ikusanyirizwa kumuzunguruko kugirango ikore LED module, ikora nka moteri ya luminaire.
Chip LED ni iki?
LED chip, izwi kandi nka Surface Mounted Devices (SMDs), nibintu byambere bitanga urumuri. Luminaire igezweho ikoresha izo chipi aho gukoresha kera, 'unyuze mu mwobo ' LED kuko ari ntoya, ikora neza, kandi irashobora gupakirwa hafi kugirango igere kumurongo mwinshi. Ubwoko busanzwe bwa LED chip ikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo kumurika harimo:
SMD . Biratandukanye kandi bikoreshwa cyane mubintu byose kuva kumurika kugeza kumurongo.
COB (Chip on Board): COB LED igizwe na chip nyinshi za LED zishyirwa kumurongo umwe kugirango zibe module imwe. Igishushanyo kirema urumuri rwinshi, rukomeye rwumucyo ufite isura imwe, kugabanya urumuri no kunoza imikorere yubushyuhe.
CSP . Igishushanyo mbonera gitanga urumuri rwinshi cyane kandi rusohora ubushyuhe, bigatuma biba byiza mubisabwa bisaba ubucucike bukabije.
LED Module Ibikorwa
Imikorere ya LED module isobanurwa nibipimo byinshi by'ingenzi:
Lumen Ibisohoka: Ibi bipima urugero rwumucyo ugaragara wakozwe. Bikunze kugaragara muri lumens kuri watt (lm / W), byerekana imikorere ya module.
Ubushyuhe bw'amabara & CRI: Ubushyuhe bw'amabara, bupimye muri Kelvin (K), busobanura ubushyuhe bugaragara cyangwa ubukonje bw'urumuri (urugero, 2700K ni ubushyuhe bwera, 5000K ni umweru wera). Ibipimo byerekana amabara (CRI) bipima uburyo urumuri rugaragaza neza amabara nyayo yibintu ku gipimo cya 0 kugeza 100, hamwe numubare munini werekana amabara meza.
Ubushyuhe Bwinshi: Mugihe LED ikora neza, iracyatanga ubushyuhe nkibicuruzwa byogusohora urumuri. Ubu bushyuhe butangwa mu masangano ya semiconductor kandi bugomba gucungwa neza kugirango hirindwe imikorere.
2. Umushoferi wa LED (Ishami rishinzwe gutanga amashanyarazi)
Niba chip ya LED ari moteri, umushoferi wa LED nubwonko na sisitemu yo hagati. Nigice cyingenzi cyo gutanga amashanyarazi yemeza ko LED ikora neza, neza, kandi mumutekano. Akamaro kiyongera k'abashoferi bo mu rwego rwo hejuru bigaragarira mu kwaguka kw'isoko, kubera ko amashyirahamwe amenya ingaruka zayo ku kwizerwa no gukora neza.
Umushoferi wa LED ni iki?
Umushoferi wa LED nigikoresho cya elegitoronike gihindura ingufu za AC zinjira (mubisanzwe voltage nini, nka 120V cyangwa 277V) mumashanyarazi ahamye, yumuriro muto wa DC ukeneye LED. Ibikorwa byayo ni bitatu:
Guhindura Imbaraga: Ihindura amashanyarazi menshi AC muri voltage nkeya DC.
Amabwiriza agezweho: Itanga amashanyarazi ahoraho, agengwa na LED kuri LED, ningirakamaro kumasoko ahamye.
Kurinda: Irinda LEDs zishobora kwangiza ihindagurika ryumubyigano hamwe numuyoboro uturuka kumashanyarazi. Umushoferi watsinzwe nimpamvu yambere yibibazo bisanzwe bya LED nko guhindagurika, kuvuza induru, cyangwa gucura imburagihe.
Ubwoko bwa LED Abashoferi
Abashoferi ba LED bashyizwe mubyiciro bitewe nuburyo basohoye nibikorwa.
Abashoferi bahoraho
Aba bashoferi bagenewe gutanga ibisohoka bihamye (urugero, 350mA, 700mA) mugihe bemera ko voltage ihinduka bitewe nuburemere bwa module ya LED. Nibisanzwe kuri luminaire nyinshi zifite imbaraga kuko zitanga igenzura ryukuri kurubu, ryemeza umucyo uhoraho nibikorwa byiza.
Abashoferi bahoraho
Aba bashoferi batanga amashanyarazi asohoka (urugero, 12V cyangwa 24V) kandi mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubisabwa aho moderi nyinshi za LED zikoreshwa mu buryo bubangikanye, nk'itara rya LED cyangwa amatara nyaburanga. Muri ubu buryo, amabwiriza agezweho akoreshwa na résistoriste yinjijwe mumirongo ya LED ubwayo.
Ubushobozi bwa Dimming ninyungu nini yo kumurika LED. Abashoferi bashoboza ibi binyuze muri protocole zitandukanye:
Triac Dimming : Uburyo busanzwe, bworoshye bwicyiciro-cyacishijwe bugufi gihujwe numurage mwinshi utagaragara.
0-10V Dimming : Porotokole ikomeye, igereranya ikoreshwa cyane mu gucana mu bucuruzi, aho ikimenyetso cya voltage nkeya kuva 0V kugeza 10V kigenzura umusaruro uva kuri 0% kugeza 100%.
DALI-2 / D4i : Porotokole ya digitale, yuburyo bubiri itanga igenzura ryuzuye, kugenzura, no gukorana hagati yibikoresho biva mubakora inganda zitandukanye. D4i niyagurwa ryibanze muguhuza imbaraga namakuru kubintu bigize intra-luminaire.
DMX512 : Porotokole yihuta, ya digitale isanzwe ikoreshwa mubyerekanwe namatara yububiko bisaba ibara ryimiterere nimpinduka.
Wireless : Porotokole nka Bluetooth Mesh, Zigbee, WiFi, na Casambi yemerera kugenzura ukoresheje terefone zigendanwa, tableti, cyangwa ibyuma byabugenewe bitagikoreshwa, bikuraho gukenera insinga nshya.
Impamvu umushoferi wa LED ari ngombwa
Umushoferi akenshi ni igice kigena ubuzima rusange hamwe nubwizerwe bwa LED luminaire. Umushoferi wo mu rwego rwohejuru yemeza neza, yongerera ubuzima LED mu kubarinda ingufu z'amashanyarazi, kandi yemeza ko nta mikorere ihindagurika. Byongeye kandi, abashoferi bagomba gutwara ibyemezo nka UL, CE, na ENEC kugirango bagaragaze ko bujuje umutekano mukarere ndetse nubuziranenge.
3. Optics (Lens, Reflectors, Diffusers)
Optics ishinzwe gushiraho no kuyobora urumuri rwakozwe na LED module. Hatabayeho kugenzura neza optique, urumuri rwatatanye, rudakora neza, kandi rushobora gutera urumuri rutameze neza.
Uruhare rwa Optics
Imikorere yibanze yibikoresho bya optique ni:
Igenzura Inguni: Shushanya urumuri muburyo bwihariye, nk'itara rito cyangwa itara ryinshi.
Kunoza uburinganire: Gukwirakwiza urumuri hejuru yubuso kugirango ukureho ibibara byijimye.
Mugabanye urumuri: Shira urumuri rwa LED ruturutse muburyo butaziguye kugirango uzamure neza.
Ubwoko bwa Optics
Lens: Yakozwe mubikoresho nka polyakarubone (PC) cyangwa acrylic (PMMA), lens ikoresha gucika kugirango yerekane urumuri neza. Indangantego Yimbere Yimbere (TIR) ikora neza cyane, gufata no kugenzura hafi urumuri rwose ruva.
Ibitekerezo: Ibi bifashisha ubuso bugaragaza kugirango urumuri rwerekezo. Bakunze gukoreshwa mugukora urumuri rwagutse cyangwa gushushanya urumuri mumuri matara maremare.
Diffusers: Diffuser nigifuniko cyoroshye (akenshi gikozwe muri PC ikonje cyangwa PMMA) gishyizwe hejuru ya LED. Intego yacyo ni koroshya urumuri, kurukwirakwiza neza, no kugabanya urumuri, kurema urumuri rwiza kandi rushimishije.
4. Ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya (Sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe)
Gucunga neza amashyanyarazi ni ikintu gikomeye cyane mu kwemeza imikorere ya LED igihe kirekire no kubaho.
Impamvu Imicungire yubushyuhe ifite akamaro
LED itanga ubushyuhe bwimbitse hagati ya semiconductor. Niba ubu bushyuhe budakuwe neza, ubushyuhe bwihuriro buzamuka, biganisha ku ngaruka mbi nyinshi:
Kugabanya urumuri rusohoka: Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru butuma LED idakora neza, itanga urumuri ruke kubwingufu zingana.
Guhindura amabara: Ibara ryumucyo rirashobora guhinduka uko ubushyuhe buhindagurika.
Kugabanya Ubuzima Bumara: Kumara igihe kinini ubushyuhe bwo hejuru byihutisha iyangirika ryibikoresho bya LED, bigatuma igabanuka rihoraho kandi ridasubirwaho ryumusaruro wumucyo (guta agaciro kwa lumen) no kugabanya ubuzima bwingirakamaro.
Ubwoko bw'Ubushyuhe
Icyuma gishyushya ubushyuhe ni pasiporo ihinduranya ingufu ziva mumashanyarazi ya LED mukirere gikikije.
Amazu ya Aluminium: Muri luminaire nyinshi, inzu yicyuma yububiko yagenewe gukuba kabiri nkubushyuhe. Aluminium ni ibintu bisanzwe cyane bitewe nubushyuhe bwiza bwumuriro nigiciro gito ugereranije.
Ibishushanyo mbonera: Ibyuma byinshi bishyushya biranga amababa cyangwa izindi geometrike igoye. Utwo dusimba twongera ubuso bugaragara mu kirere, bigatuma ubushyuhe bugabanuka vuba binyuze muri convection.
Passive na Active Cooling: Ubwinshi bwa LED luminaire ikoresha gukonjesha (convection naturel). Gukonjesha gukomeye, birimo abafana cyangwa ibindi bikoresho byubukanishi, mubisanzwe bigenewe ibikoresho byihariye, imbaraga-nyinshi zikoreshwa.
5. Amazu ya PCB hamwe n’ibikoresho (Ibikoresho byubaka)
Ibi bice bitanga umusingi nuburinzi kuri sisitemu yose ya LED.
PCB (Icapa ryumuzingo wacapwe)
Imashini ya LED yashyizwe kuri PCB. Mu kumurika LED, Metal Core PCBs (MCPCBs) zikoreshwa kenshi. Izi mbaho zifite icyuma (ubusanzwe aluminium) zitanga inzira itaziguye yubushyuhe bwo kuva kuri LED kugera kumuriro, uhuza amashanyarazi nu micungire yubushyuhe. FR4 nibindi bikoresho bisanzwe bya PCB, nubwo bidakorwa neza.
Amazu meza
Amazu akora imirimo myinshi yingenzi:
Kurinda: Irinda ibice by'imbere ivumbi, ubushuhe, n'ingaruka z'umubiri. Kuramba kwayo akenshi bisobanurwa nu rutonde rwa IP (Ingress Protection), rwerekana urwego rwayo rwo gufunga ibinini n'amazi.
Inkunga yuburyo: Itanga ikadiri ikomeye yo gushiraho ibice byose mumutekano.
Umutekano: Irimo ibice byamashanyarazi kandi iremeza ko igikoresho gishobora gushyirwaho neza.
6. Sisitemu yo kugenzura (Smart Lighting Integrated)
Sisitemu yo kumurika LED igezweho ni gake cyane ibikoresho byihariye. Bakunze kwinjizwa muri sisitemu nini yo kugenzura kugirango bafungure ingufu zizigama kandi bashireho ibidukikije, bishingiye ku bantu.
Impamvu Igenzura ari ngombwa
Igenzura ryumucyo rituma automatike, kuzigama ingufu binyuze mu gucana no kwiyumvamo akazi, no gucunga neza urwego rwumucyo kubikorwa cyangwa ibihe. Bahindura urumuri rwumucyo muburyo bwubwenge, bwitabira.
Kugenzura Ibigize
Sensors: Ibyuma byerekana ibyerekezo (PIR cyangwa microwave) byerekana umwanya wo kuzimya amatara cyangwa kuzimya mu buryo bwikora. Amatara yumucyo cyangwa ibidukikije byapima urugero rwumucyo usanzwe mumwanya kandi ugahindura amatara yumuriro ukurikije, ingamba zizwi nko gusarura amanywa.
Porotokole Yumucyo Yubwenge: Nkuko byavuzwe nabashoferi, protocole nka DALI-2, D4i, Zigbee, na Bluetooth Mesh yemerera ibikoresho kuvugana hagati yabo hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura hagati. D4i, byumwihariko, igereranya imbaraga nogutumanaho amakuru hagati yumushoferi na sensor muri luminaire imwe.
Uburyo Igenzura Rikorana nabashoferi ba LED
Sisitemu yo kugenzura yohereza ikimenyetso kubushoferi bwa LED butagaragara, hanyuma igasobanura itegeko kandi igahindura ibyagezweho kuri LED. Uku kwishyira hamwe kwemerera ibintu byose kuva dimingi yoroheje kugeza bigoye, bigereranywa ninyubako yose.
7. Abahuza, Wiring & Kurinda Ibigize
Nubwo akenshi birengagizwa, ibyo bice bito nibyingenzi mumutekano, kwiringirwa, no koroshya kwishyiriraho.
Umuhuza: Amazi adashobora gukoreshwa kandi byihuse-byihuta byerekana umutekano, byizewe byamashanyarazi, cyane cyane hanze cyangwa ahantu hatose.
Wiring: Sisitemu ikoresha insinga zidasanzwe zidasanzwe hamwe ninsinga nini za voltage zagenwe kubisabwa.
Ibigize Kurinda: Ibikoresho byo Kurinda (SPDs) birinda luminaire kumashanyarazi. Fus, guhagarara neza, hamwe no kubika bitanga urwego rwumutekano wamashanyarazi.
Uburyo LED Amatara ya sisitemu ikorana
Imikorere ya LED yamurika ni sisitemu idafite urujya n'uruza:
Guhindura ingufu: umushoferi wa LED afata ingufu za AC akayihindura kuri voltage nto ya DC.
Amabwiriza agezweho: Umushoferi atanga ibintu bihamye, bigenzurwa neza na moderi ya LED.
Ibisohoka Umucyo: LED itanga urumuri iyo rufite ingufu.
Igenzura ry'ubushyuhe: Nkuko LED itanga urumuri, icyuma gishyushya gikomeza gukuramo ingufu zumuriro kure ya chip.
Gushushanya neza: Lens, indangururamajwi, hamwe na diffuzeri bifata urumuri ruto hanyuma rukabigira urumuri rugenzurwa, rufite akamaro, kandi rwiza.
Igenzura ryubwenge: Sisitemu yo kugenzura yohereza ibimenyetso kuri shoferi, ikwemerera gucogora, guhuza amabara, cyangwa ibisubizo byikora bishingiye kubitekerezo byinjira.
Ubwiza nubufatanye hagati yibi bice bisobanura intsinzi ya sisitemu. Moderi yo hejuru ya LED module isesagura niba ihujwe numushoferi udakora neza. Chip ndende ya LED izananirwa imburagihe niba ubushyuhe bwayo budahagije. Imikorere nyayo ituruka kuri sisitemu yateguwe neza aho buri gice gitezimbere kugirango gikore mubitaramo.
Ibibazo
Niki kintu cyingenzi muri sisitemu yo kumurika LED?
Mugihe buri kintu cyose gikenewe, umushoferi wa LED hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga ubushyuhe (sink sink) bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumibereho ya luminaire no kwizerwa. Umushoferi wo mu rwego rwo hejuru urinda LED imbaraga z'amashanyarazi, kandi icyuma gikora neza kibarinda kwangirika k'ubushyuhe. Kunanirwa muri kimwe muribi akenshi biganisha ku kunanirwa kwimikorere yose.
Kuki amatara ya LED akenera umushoferi?
LED ni voltage nkeya, ibikoresho bikoreshwa na DC. Kubera ko amashanyarazi asanzwe atanga amashanyarazi menshi ya AC, umushoferi arakenewe kugirango ahindure ingufu muburyo bwiza. Umushoferi kandi agenga ikigezweho, kibuza LED gushushanya ingufu nyinshi no gutwikwa kubera ibintu byitwa gutwarwa nubushyuhe.
Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yumuvuduko uhoraho na voltage ihoraho?
Umushoferi uhoraho utanga amperage ihamye (mA) kandi igahindura voltage kugirango ihuze LED. Ubu ni bwo buryo bwatoranijwe bwo gukoresha ingufu za LED nyinshi. Umushoferi uhoraho wa voltage atanga voltage ihamye (urugero, 12V cyangwa 24V) kandi ikoreshwa mubicuruzwa bya LED nkamatara ya strip afite ibyuma birwanya-bigabanya.
Nigute icyuma gishyushya cyongerera igihe cya LED?
Ubushyuhe ni umwanzi wibanze wa LED. Icyuma gishyushya gikozwe mu bikoresho bitwara ubushyuhe, nka aluminiyumu, ikurura ubushyuhe kure ya chip ya LED yoroheje ikayijugunya mu kirere. Mugukomeza LED ikonje, ubushyuhe bwadindije cyane umuvuduko wo guta agaciro kwa lumen kandi bikarinda kunanirwa hakiri kare, bityo bikongerera ubuzima bwingirakamaro.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kugenzura nkwiye guhitamo kumurika ubwenge?
Guhitamo biterwa nibyo ukeneye. Kubyoroshye byoroheje mucyumba kimwe, sisitemu ya Bluetooth ya 0-10V cyangwa idafite umugozi irashobora kuba ihagije. Ku nyubako nini yubucuruzi isaba kugenzura neza, kugenzura, no guhinduka, sisitemu ya sisitemu nka DALI-2 niyo ihitamo ryiza.
Urufatiro rwo kumurika kijyambere
Sisitemu yo kumurika cyane LED yamashanyarazi nubuhamya bwubushakashatsi bwatekerejweho, aho buri kintu kigira uruhare runini. Kuva kuri chip itanga urumuri kugeza kumazu arinda, buri gice kigira uruhare mubikorwa rusange, kwizerwa, nubwiza bwurumuri.
Mugihe usuzuma urumuri, reba ibirenze ibyingenzi. Witondere cyane ubwiza bwumushoferi wa LED, igishushanyo cya sisitemu yo gucunga amashyuza, no guhitamo optique. Ibi nibice bitandukanya ibicuruzwa ugereranije na luminaire-ishoramari-rizatanga imikorere idasanzwe mumyaka iri imbere. Mugusobanukirwa uburyo ibi bice bikorana, urashobora guhitamo wizeye sisitemu yo kumurika idakomeye gusa kandi ikora neza ariko kandi yubatswe kuramba.
